Specifying Chapter and Page Layout Breaks

After you create a page layout and configure its frames and settings as necessary, you need to associate the page layout with the appropriate content. In most cases, you will probably want to associate different page layouts with various entries in your outline TOC (so that different page layouts can be used for different parts or chapters in a manual). Otherwise, you would associate a single "primary" page layout with an entire target or project; in that case, the same page layout will be applied to all topics in that target or project. You can associate a page layout with an outline TOC entry with or without creating a chapter break at the same time.

Following are steps for creating chapter breaks and associating page layouts with TOC entries. Before completing these steps, you must first create an outline TOC. See Creating a TOC.

In addition to specifying page layouts, chapter breaks also allow you to generate output in multiple files (as opposed to just one file), although a "multi-chapter" output can also be contained in a single file, depending on the output type. With chapter breaks, you can also take advantage of autonumbering at the chapter level and automatically include endnotes at the end of each chapter. Finally, setting a chapter break can have an effect on whether a generated TOC can be included in the output (if you are producing Word output).

How to Specify Chapter Breaks and Page Layouts

  1. Open the Project Organizer.
  2. Double-click the TOCs folder.
  3. Double-click the TOC that you plan to use for the printed output. The TOC Editor opens to the right.
  4. Select the entry in the TOC where you want to insert a chapter or page layout break.
  5. In the local toolbar, click Display properties for the selected item..
  6. Click the Printed Output tab.
  7. In the Break Type field, select one of the following.

    • None This prevents a break from being used for the outline TOC entry.
    • Chapter Break This creates a chapter break on the outline TOC entry. You can then select the page layout to be used until another break occurs in the outline TOC. The chapter break also allows chapter autonumber settings to be applied.
    • Page Layout Break This lets you change the page layout used, starting at a certain outline TOC entry, without creating a new chapter. You might use this option, for example, if you have a wide table in the middle of a chapter and need to switch to a landscape page layout on the pages displaying that table.

    Example You have an outline TOC for print-based output that looks like this.

    This is actually easier to see in Grid View (click the toggle button in the local toolbar of the TOC Editor to switch views), and by customizing the columns to remove those you don't want to display (see Customizing Column Information).

    If you build print-based output such as PDF, the results would look something like this.

  8. If you selected a chapter or page layout break type, click in the Page Layout field and select the layout that you want to use.
  9. (Optional) If you want a particular page type from the layout to be used for the first page that is displayed, select it from the Page Type field. Depending on the pages that have been included in the selected page layout, any of the following may be available in this drop-down field.

    For details and graphics that show how breaks and page types work together to create output that flows the way you want, see Page Type Flow Scenarios.

    • (default) This lets Flare choose the default page type for you, depending on the type of break.
    • (continue L/R) Select this option to specify a Left/Right page sequence, using whichever page comes next in the normal flow.
    • (continue FL/FR) Select this option to continue the First Left/First Right page sequence, using whichever page comes next in the normal flow.
    • Title Select this type if you want the settings to be applied to the first page in your output, which typically displays the manual title. If you include an Empty page type in your page layout, the title page in the output will be followed by the empty page. It is not mandatory that you use this page type for a title. Instead, you can use one of the other types, such as Normal.
    • First Select this type for the first page of a new chapter. This page type can be used in a situation where you are creating a simple configuration and you are not concerned with left and right pages (e.g., a document for electronic distribution only). In most cases, a First page type would be followed by Normal pages.
    • First Left Select this page type if you want chapters to begin on left-sided pages, and you need a different look for those pages than would be used for a regular left page.
    • First Right Select this page type if you want chapters to begin on right-sided pages, and you need a different look for those pages than would be used for a regular right page.
    • Left Select this type if you want the settings to be applied to a page in the output when it appears on a left (or even) page (e.g., page 42).

    • Right Select this type if you want the settings to be applied to a page in the output when it appears on a right (or odd) page (e.g., page 43).
    • Normal Select this type if you do not want a Left/Right type of page flow, but instead just want the same layout on every page, perhaps like a screenplay.

    Note It is recommended that you do not use more than one of each kind of page type in a page layout. If you have more than one instance of a page type, you will not be able to specify which type to use for a particular entry in the TOC Editor.

    Note When setting chapter breaks and page layouts, empty page types are not shown in the Page Type field. If you are using empty pages in your PDF output, make sure your page layout has an empty page type and the target is set to automatically apply empty pages when necessary. To do this, open the target. On the Advanced tab, click Inject empty pages as needed to ensure TOC nodes start on their selected pages. This is recommended over the older "Auto-end on left page" option.See Using Empty Pages.

  10. (Optional) If you want to specify a particular file name for the chapter being created, enter it in the Chapter File Name field.

    When setting chapter breaks and page layouts, empty page types are not shown in the Page Type field. If you are using empty pages in your PDF output, make sure your page layout has an empty page type and the target is set to automatically apply empty pages when necessary. To do this, open the target. On the Advanced tab, click Inject empty pages as needed to ensure TOC nodes start on their selected pages. This is recommended over the older "Auto-end on left page" option.

    For PDF and Word outputs, the default setting is to create a single file for the entire output. However, you can use an option in the Advanced tab of the Target Editor to generate a new PDF or Word file for each chapter break. The Chapter File Name field in the Properties dialog would be applicable if you decide to generate multiple PDF or Word files instead of just one.

  11. (Optional) In the Page Number section, you can specify how you want page numbers treated (if you have inserted them into the page layout).

    • Reset to To set the first page number in the chapter to begin at a specific number, select this option and enter the number in the field. Select the "text" option from the Format field, to type any kind of text into this field. That text will be used instead of numbering.
    • Format For a particular format of numbering to be used (e.g., decimal, upper Roman, lower alpha, text), select it from this drop-down. Select the "text" option to type any kind of text into the "Reset to" field. That text will be used instead of numbering.
    • Increment number If you want the first page number in the page layout to continue from the previous layout, you can select this option.

    Note If you want to include autonumbers in the page numbering (e.g., the chapter autonumber followed by a period and then the page number), you can do so using a couple of different methods. With the first method, you can insert the appropriate autonumber variable next to the page number variable in a page layout (see Inserting Chapter, Section, and Volume Number Variables Into Frames). With the second method, you can use the "Reset to" and "Format" fields on this tab. First, you can select "text" from the Format field. Then in the "Reset to" field, you can enter the appropriate codes for the autonumbering. For example, if you want each page to show the chapter autonumber followed by a period and the page number, you would type {chapnum}.{n} in the "Reset to" field. Using this second method ensures that your page autonumbers are also displayed accurately in a print index. See Including Page Autonumbers in Print Indexes.

  12. Click OK.
  13. Repeat these steps for each area in the content where you want to specify a new chapter or page layout break.

    Tip If you want to apply the same settings to many TOC entries, you can hold down the CTRL or SHIFT key and select those entries. Then open the Properties dialog and specify the settings.

    Note You do not have to follow these steps for every single TOC entry within that chapter—only for the TOC entries where you want a chapter or page layout break. The page layout will be used in the print-based output starting at that location in the content and continuing to the end of the document, or until it comes across another chapter or page layout break.

  14. Click Save the active file. to save your work.

How Chapter Breaks Affect the Output Types

When creating chapter breaks, you should keep the following in mind.

Word Output

The following points are relevant if you are sending output to Word.

if you select the option to create a chapter break

  • It determines where a new chapter will be created at this point in the output TOC. However, it will not necessarily create a new Word file in the output for each chapter. If you want multiple Word documents in the output, you must also select the "Generate multiple documents for native PDF output" option in the Advanced tab of the Target Editor. If you do not select the "Generate multiple documents for native PDF output" option, only one Word document will be created in the output (but it will contain chapter breaks).
  • You will not be able to include a generated TOC in the Word output (if you also select the"Generate multiple documents for native PDF output" option in the Target Editor). However, if you create a chapter break in the Properties dialog but do not select the"Generate multiple documents for native PDF output" option in the Target Editor, you will be able to include a generated TOC in the Word output. In other words, you must have only a single Word document in order to have a generated TOC. For more information see Creating a TOC for Print-Based Output.
  • You will be able to use chapter autonumbering, even if you only have one Word document as a result of the output. For more information see Autonumbers.
  • You will be able to insert footnotes in your topics that are consolidated and placed at the end of each chapter. See Footnotes and Endnotes.

if you do not select this option for any of your toc entries

  • Only one Word file will be created when you build your output. Even if you select the "Generate multiple documents for native PDF output" option in the Advanced tab of the Target Editor, only one Word file will be created, because you must create a chapter break in the Properties dialog to tell Flare where you want new documents to start.
  • You will be able to include a generated TOC in the Word output (because only one Word document will be generated).
  • You will not be able to use chapter autonumbering (because no chapter breaks exist).

EPUB Output

The following points are relevant if you are sending output to EPUB.

if you select the option to create a chapter break

  • A new HTM file is created at each point where a chapter break occurs. This can be seen if you extract the EPUB file using another tool

if you do not select this option for any of your toc entries

  • The EPUB contains just one HTM file.

What’s Noteworthy?

Note Some aspects of this feature (e.g., page layouts) are used only in the print-based outputs. EPUB supports this feature only in the sense that it uses chapter breaks to determine how many HTM files are created as a result.

Note There is an order of precedence with the three levels where you can specify a page layout. Specific entries in an outline TOC have the highest precedence, followed by page layouts at the target level, followed by page layouts at the project level. So if you've got a page layout set at the project or target level and it doesn't seem to be working the way you think it should, you might check to see if you have any page layouts set on specific TOC entries that are overriding the target- or project-level setting.

Note When it comes to associating page layouts with entries in an outline TOC, it is important to understand the meaning of the word "chapter" in the Properties dialog. In that dialog, a "chapter" is simply the designation for a new portion of content that will use a particular page layout. It does not mean a chapter in the traditional sense of a manual. For example, if you have a title page, a TOC, 10 chapters, and an index in your manual, each one of those might be considered a separate chapter as far as the dialog is concerned, because you are creating a chapter break with a particular page layout specified at each of those locations in the outline TOC. Therefore, although you only have 10 chapters in the traditional meaning of the word, you might have 13 chapters as far as the dialog is concerned (one for the title page, one for the TOC, one for each traditional chapter, and one for the index).

Note If you extract the EPUB file using another tool, you will find that it contains one or more HTM files. If you have used chapter breaks in the outline TOC, a new HTM file is created at each point where a chapter break occurs. If you do not use chapter breaks, the EPUB contains just one HTM file.

What’s Next?

After you specify chapter and page layout breaks for your printed output, you can move on to any of the remaining tasks for creating printed output. See Print-Based Output.